Hoagland Richard

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Richard Hoagland

Richard C. Hoagland (born April 25, 1945) is an American author and a proponent of various conspiracy theories about NASA, lost alien civilizations on the moon and on Mars and other related topics. Claims from his personal biography^[1] and publication^[2] include having been curator for a science museum in Springfield Massachusetts at age 19 in the mid-60s, and science adviser to CBS News during the Apollo Missions to the Moon.^[3] Hoagland does not claim to have formal scientific training.

His writings claim that advanced civilizations exist or once existed on the moon, Mars and on some of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, and that NASA and the United States government have conspired to keep these facts secret. He has advocated his ideas in two published books, several videotapes,^[4][5][6] lectures,^[7] interviews,^[8][9] and press conferences.^[10] He has submitted material to a NASA-sponsored public interest outreach^[11], but his views have never been published in peer-reviewed journals. Hoagland has been labeled by James Oberg of The Space Review and Phil Plait of Bad Astronomy as a conspiracy theorist and fringe thinker.^[12][13]

Background

Hoagland claims that he served as a curator of astronomy & space science^[14] at the Springfield Science Museum, located at The Quadrangle in Springfield, Massachusetts, and claims that he was a consultant to CBS News during the Apollo program.^[3] Walter Cronkite has since called Hoagland's views "hocus pocus nonsense."^[15] Hoagland appears regularly as a so-called Science Adviser^[16] on Coast to Coast AM with George Noory. He has also appeared on the BBC programs UFO Evidence & Conspiracy, and Mysteries in Space. Hoagland co-produced^[3] a radio program on WTIC (AM) of Hartford, Connecticut, The Night of the Encounter, which covered the July 14, 1965, Mariner 4 flyby of the planet Mars.^{[note 1]} Hoagland authored the book The Monuments of Mars: A City on the Edge of Forever, and co-authored the book Dark Mission: The Secret History of NASA^[17], which was ranked 21st on the New York Times Best Seller list for Paperback Nonfiction for one week on November 18, 2007.^[18]

Hoagland operates a website, Enterprise Mission, which he terms "an independent NASA watchdog and research group attempting to figure out how much of what NASA has found in the solar system over the past 50 years has actually been silently filed out of sight as classified material". In late 2007, Hoagland released the recording^[6] of a National Press Club press conference held on October 30, 2007^[19] in which Hoagland and whistleblower Ken Johnston announced that Johnston was ordered to destroy Apollo lunar images and data 40 years ago. Johnston states that he secretly preserved these Apollo images in a private album of "about 1000 old NASA photos and other memorabilia" from his time at NASA,^[20] and some of these images were printed and discussed along with Johnston's story in the Dark Mission book.^[21] In December 2007, Project Camelot released a 3-part ~3 hour interview with Hoagland^[9] where he talks about "the secret history of NASA", he shows lunar images and elaborates on his various claims about the moon, and he talks about a variety of topics such as "hyperdimensional physics", ancient monuments, the vatican, consciousness and the year 2012.

In 1997, Hoagland received the Ig Nobel Award for Astronomy.^[22] In November 2006, Conscious Media Network interviewed Hoagland.^[23] In November 2008, Hoagland spoke at the Secrets! 2008 Conference^[24]. Hoagland spoke about his "Hyperdimensional Physics", how "4D-hyperspace" governs cohesion in seemingly random 3D-physical reality events. Hoagland has made numerous claims about the existence of intelligent extraterrestrial life, supported by digitally reprocessed photographic evidence from planetary exploration and testimonials by former government and military officials. During guest appearances on Coast to Coast AM With George Noory, Hoagland references longstanding friendships with scientists from NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory who, according to Hoagland, provide him with inside information. However, on the 21 and 22 August 2008 radio show he stated "we do not depend on sources, when I say so-and-so source told me, I have additional confirmation from another mechanism, usually the physics and terms of numbers that backs up with what our source or sources have told us."

Hyperdimensional Physics

Hoagland has proposed a form of physics he calls 'Hyperdimensional Physics'^[25][26] which, supported by the work of Thomas E. Bearden^[27], he claims to represent the full implementation of James Clerk Maxwell's original 20 quaternion equations^[28], instead of the reduced Maxwell's equations as amended by Oliver Heaviside commonly taught today.

A tenet of these views holds that vast amounts of energy originating from dimensions we cannot perceive are available at latitudes 19.5° both south and north on the sun and every planet in the solar system. Hoagland points to the colossal volcano, Olympus Mons, on Mars as the supreme example. The center of Olympus Mons is at 18.3°N 227°E.and the massive shield spans 16°N to 20°N, as shown in the photograph. ^[29] According to Hoagland^[30], an essential prediction of his theory is that a massive planet is yet to be discovered in the solar system. Hyperdimensional physics is not taught in any recognized institution of learning anywhere in the world, and 19.5° energy on planet Earth has never been demonstrated.^{[note 2]}

Mars, Face on Mars, and Cydonia

Hoagland claims "the Face on Mars" is part of a city built on Cydonia Planitia consisting of very large pyramids and mounds arranged in a geometric pattern, with the ratios between measured angles roughly equaling mathematical constants such as pi, e, and the square root of 2. He states that the ratio between the surface area of a sphere and the surface area of the tetrahedron inscribed within it, 2.720699 (pi x square root of 3 / 2), is an approximation of e that Hoagland refers to as e'. Since e'/pi (square root of 3 / 2) is ~0.866, Hoagland speculates that the primary meaning of the geometry of Cydonia is to emphasize the ratio of the sphere and circumscribed tetrahedron.^[31] To Hoagland, this is evidence that an advanced civilization might once have existed on Mars, and that NASA is suppressing the evidence for reasons explained in a Brookings Institution report entitled Proposed Studies on the Implications of Peaceful Space Activities for Human Affairs. In fact, although the report did state that it is a possibility that such information would destabilize society, it stopped short of actually recommending suppression^[32].

On April 5, 1998, the Mars Global Surveyor probe sent back better images of the Cydonia region ^[33] that indicated that the face was an irregularly shaped mountain. Hoagland contends these images were run through multiple filters that degraded the original image in quality, giving it a catbox appearance which obscures what is really on Mars.^[34] On September 21, 2006, several new 3D views were released, ^[35][36] derived from the high-resolution stereo camera on the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter. In response to their publication Hoagland remarked "Science is not about what you can see. It's about what you can measure,", and Hoagland's co-author Mike Bara has accused the European Space Agency, which released that photo set, of fraud.^[37] The image from the HiRISE camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, released in April 2007, was so detailed that even Hoagland appears to have abandoned his contention that the whole structure is a face. In the epilogue to his book released the following October, he analyzes instead the details of the face mesa within the MRO frame that he says are "obviously collapsed geometric ruins [with] parallel walls, multiple, 3-D planes, twisted beams, and thin girders."^[38]

Hoagland also claims that the true color of Mars is salmon red with patches of greenish plant life and a light blue sky.^[39], that Mars was once the moon of a larger planet which exploded, leaving Mars isolated^{[note 3][40]}, that the advanced civilization on Mars had prior warning of the cataclysm and so escaped via migration to planet Earth, eventually adapting to the environment and becoming the present human race^[41], and that the numerous objects surrounding the landing sites of the Mars Exploration Rovers are in fact pieces of Martian machinery.^[42]

Life on Europa

Hoagland claims the theory concerning the presence of oceans, and possibly life, under the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa, originated in an article he published in the January 1980 issue of Star & Sky magazine,^[43]. This claim is disputed by Ralph Greenberg, a professor of Mathematics at the University of Washington, who asserts that such theories were widely known in the 1970s, pointing out that Isaac Asimov, for example, promoted them in his 1979 book Extraterrestrial Civilizations.^[44] Hoagland himself references the work of "Cassen, Peale, and Reynolds" in the article.^[45] Their computer modeling work looked at the possibility that tidal heating could maintain an ocean beneath the icy surface.^[46] Other work on the subject, including speculation concerning life, had been published throughout the 1970s, going as far back as 1971.Template:Citation needed

The Moon

Hoagland rejects the entire body of knowledge represented by professional selenology and asserts that there are large semitransparent structures constructed of glass on the lunar surface, visible in some Apollo photography when the images are digitally manipulated.^[47] He goes on to say that NASA is suppressing knowledge of an ancient civilization on the Moon, and that the advanced technology of this civilization is lying around on the Moon's surface.^[48][49] He has repeatedly alleged that the 12 moon-walkers, who would be well qualified to confirm the existence of lunar artifacts and glass structures, have had their memories selectively edited via hypnosis so that they no longer remember seeing evidence of a lunar civilization.^[50] He has stated that a feature in an image of the lunar surface, mistakenly believed by professional planetary scientists to be a rock, is actually the severed head of a robot^[51], and that NASA is the originator of the "...we didn't go to the moon" hoax.^[52].

On Coast to Coast AM on September 24/25 2009 Hoagland stated that the extremely thin film of water that had been detected on the Moon^[53] was obviously leaking from buried cities.^[54]

U.S. government conspiracy

Hoagland claims The United States government has covered up the presence of extraterrestrials, that the Space Agency murdered the Apollo 1 astronauts^[55], that NASA missions to Mars are a "well documented interest of the Bush family."^[56][57], and that there is a clandestine space program which uses antigravity technology reverse-engineered from lunar artifacts and communicated by secret societies.^[58]

Hoagland further claims that President John F. Kennedy was assassinated by an agency or agencies opposed to his stated policy^[59] of inviting Khruschev to create a joint U.S.—Soviet manned lunar effort.^[58] He asserts that Federal agencies such as FEMA and NASA are linked to Freemasonry.^{[55][60][61][62]}

Other claims

Hoagland has asserted that he was the "co-creator" of the Pioneer 10 plaque along with Eric Burgess^[63][64][65], that the Saturnian moon Iapetus is an artificial world^[66], that Galileo, which burned up in Jupiter's atmosphere, caused a mysterious black spot due to its nuclear power source^[67], that the 9/11 attacks were part of a pseudo-Masonic conspiracy^[68][69], and that The Arecibo message was intentionally altered by author Carl Sagan^[70].

On December 9, 2007, Hoagland wrote that the vexatious problems NASA was then having with the “ECO” low-fuel sensors in the space shuttle main fuel tank were due to what he called “Torsion Physics”, which he claimed would never be resolved by conventional engineering.^[71] On February 7, 2008, STS-122 launched successfully. In the postlaunch press conference mission managers reported that the ECO sensors had performed flawlessly. The problem had been traced to an external tank feed-through connector—and corrected using perfectly conventional engineering[1]. The mission ended, as planned, on February 20—and was called a complete success. Hoagland offered no apology for his error. He also asserts that the orbital parameters of spin-stabilized satellites are influenced by an anti-gravity field in addition to the energy imparted by their launch rockets, which has been kept secret for fifty years until revealed by himself in August 2008^[72]. The February 2009 collision between Iridium 33 and Kosmos 2251 was "...deliberate, it was an act of violence.", with the intent to make low earth orbit "uninhabitable", and to permit termination of the Space Shuttle program and the Hubble space telescope. He stated on March 16 and 17, 2009 during the Coast to Coast AM show that the Hubble repair mission STS-125, scheduled for May 2009, will be canceled in line with a policy allowing NASA to devote resources to more inspiring programs (it was not). In addition, NASA statements about two space-junk alerts in March 2009 were "lies." During the Coast to Coast AM programs on June 10 and 11, 2009, Hoagland stated that NASA is destroying evidence of life on Mars through the heating of soil samples to high temperatures by the various rovers and landers, which has killed "Martians". During the Coast to Coast AM on May 21 and 22, 2009 he claimed that the Obama Administration could announce in the next few months that we have found life on Mars, and that Interplanetary warfare is being waged right now in Earth orbit, conducted by factions of a secret supra-national World Government. On October 6/7 ^[73]he opined that the upcoming LCROSS lunar impact was targeted on a manned lunar base, set up by "The Secret Space Program," and that the impact would reveal some secrets. He also said that the impact would be recorded by ALSEPseismometers — the idea that ALSEP was turned off in September 1977 was "just another NASA lie." On October 16/17^[74] he stated that the new Ares I-X rocket, scheduled for rollout on October 19 for launch on October 27, would never reach the launch pad. In fact, Ares arrived at pad 39B on October 20, 2009.^[75]

Responses by scientists

Many scientists have responded to Hoagland's claims and assertions. Professional astronomer Phil Plait described Hoagland as a "pseudoscientist" and his claims as "ridiculous."^[76] In 2002, Ralph Greenberg, Professor of Mathematics at University of Washington, Seattle, wrote a paper asserting that the logic of Hoagland's deductions from the geometry of Cydonia Mensae is flawed.^[77] The claim that the Galileo Probe caused a "mysterious black spot" has since been disputed by both NASA and Dr. Plait. There is photographic evidence that a similar "black spot" was present in imagery of Jupiter taken in 1998. A second image referenced by Dr. Plait shows a dark ring which looks similar to the spot Hoagland cited. ^[78] In 1995 Malin Space Science Systems, NASA prime contractor for planetary imaging, published a paper critiquing claims that the 'city' at Cydonia is artificial, the claimed mathematical relationships, and — very specifically — denying any claims about concealing questionable data from the public.^[79]

Publications

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References

Notes

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External links

• Official website
• Richard Hoagland at Coast-to-Coast AM
• Info on Angstrom Foundation Aktiebolag, which gave Hoagland his medal