Sippar

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(See also)
(Archeologia)
Riga 14: Riga 14:
==Archeologia==
==Archeologia==
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A large number of [[Cuneiform (script)|cuneiform]] tablets and other artifacts have been found in the ruins of the temple of Shamash, which was called ''[[E (temple)|E]]-Babara'' by the [[Sumer]]ians, ''Bit-Un'' by the [[Semite]]s. This temple is thought to be the world's oldest bank, in operation until at least 1831 BC [1].   
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Un grande numero di tavolette [[scrittura cuneiforme|cuneiformi]] e altri reperti sono stati trovati nelle rovine del tempio di [[Shamash]], che era chiamato ''[[tempio E]]-Babara'' dai [[sumeri]], ''Bit-Un'' dai [[Semiti]]. Questo tempio è cosiderato uno delle costruzioni più antiche del mondo, essendo costruito al più tardi nel 1831 aC [1].   
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[[Ziusudra|Xisuthros]], the "Chaldean Noah", is said by [[Berossus]] to have buried the records of the [[antediluvian]] world here--possibly because the name of Sippar was supposed to be connected with ''sipru'', "a writing". And according to [[Abydenus]], [[Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon|Nebuchadnezzar]] excavated a great reservoir in the neighbourhood. Here too was the Babylonian camp in the reign of [[Nabonidos]].  
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[[Ziusudra]], il "Noè caldeo", è menzionato da [[Berosso]] to have buried the records of the [[antediluvian]] world here--possibly because the name of Sippar was supposed to be connected with ''sipru'', "a writing". And according to [[Abydenus]], [[Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon|Nebuchadnezzar]] excavated a great reservoir in the neighbourhood. Here too was the Babylonian camp in the reign of [[Nabonidos]].  
[[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] (''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]'' 6.30.123) mentions a sect, or school of Chaldeans called the ''Hippareni''. It is often assumed that this name refers to Sippar (especially because the other two schools mentioned seem to be named after cities as well: the ''Orcheni'' after [[Uruk]], and the ''Borsippeni'' after [[Borsippa]]), but this is not universally accepted [2].
[[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] (''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]'' 6.30.123) mentions a sect, or school of Chaldeans called the ''Hippareni''. It is often assumed that this name refers to Sippar (especially because the other two schools mentioned seem to be named after cities as well: the ''Orcheni'' after [[Uruk]], and the ''Borsippeni'' after [[Borsippa]]), but this is not universally accepted [2].

Versione delle 18:39, 27 dic 2008

Being close to Babylon, Sippar was an early addition to its empire under Hammurabi

Sippar (la sumerica Zimbir "città degli uccelli", la moderna Tell Abu Habbah in Iraq), era un'antica città sumerica e poi babilonese sulla riva est dell'Eufrate, a 60 km a nord di Babilonia.

La città era divisa in due parti, "Sippar del dio sole" and "Sippar della dea Anunit", la cui scoperta fu di Hormuzd Rassam nel 1881 a Abu Habba, 16 miglia a sud-est di Baghdad.

Sippar viene chiamata Sepharvaim nell'antico testamento, che allude alle due parti della città.

Due altre Sippar sono menzionat in alcune iscrizioni, una delle quali la indica come "Sippar di Edinu", che potrebbe avere un quartiere in più. E' possibile che una delle "Sippar" possa essere identificata con Akkad, la capitale del primo impero semitico.

Il dio proprio della città era il dio sumero del Sole Utu (Shamash in accadico).

Uno dei suoi re fu Enmeduranki, che si dice abbia avuto autorità molti anni prima del diluvio universale.

Archeologia

Un grande numero di tavolette cuneiformi e altri reperti sono stati trovati nelle rovine del tempio di Shamash, che era chiamato tempio E-Babara dai sumeri, Bit-Un dai Semiti. Questo tempio è cosiderato uno delle costruzioni più antiche del mondo, essendo costruito al più tardi nel 1831 aC [1].

Ziusudra, il "Noè caldeo", è menzionato da Berosso to have buried the records of the antediluvian world here--possibly because the name of Sippar was supposed to be connected with sipru, "a writing". And according to Abydenus, Nebuchadnezzar excavated a great reservoir in the neighbourhood. Here too was the Babylonian camp in the reign of Nabonidos.

Pliny (Natural History 6.30.123) mentions a sect, or school of Chaldeans called the Hippareni. It is often assumed that this name refers to Sippar (especially because the other two schools mentioned seem to be named after cities as well: the Orcheni after Uruk, and the Borsippeni after Borsippa), but this is not universally accepted [2].

Note

1^ Benjamin Bromberg, The Origin of Banking: Religious Finance in Babylonia, The Journal of Economic History, 1942, volume2, issue1, pagg. 77–88

2^ "It is usually assumed that the Hippareni refers to Sippar (Ptolemy's Sippara), but even that requires proof, since the change of ‘s’ to ‘h’ is strange." R. D. Barnett, Xenophon and the Wall of Media, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 1963, volume 83, pag. 14, doi 10.2307/628451

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